民族想象的建构路径——对本尼迪克特·安德森民族理论的一种考察

在民族国家的形成和发展中,自然因素和历史因素毫无疑问发挥着基础性作用,但人为建构性因素的功能亦不能忽视。印刷语言的传播、地理边界感的形成和历史记忆的传承等对形塑民族想象、建构民族认同十分重要。本尼迪克特·安德森对民族的现代性、建构性和政治性进行了系统性考察。在他看来,民族是特定文化中人为建构的产物,通过呈现“横向空间同时性”的时间观,印刷语言为人们建构民族的想象共同体奠定基础;经过“遗忘”与“选择”机制筛选,历史记忆形塑民族的同一性和连续性;借助地图、人口调查、博物馆等媒介,人们建立起关于民族空间的牢固想象。安德森关于民族想象的共同体的观点,为我们认识和把握民族和民族主义提供了重要的启发。     

地役权制度的立法价值与模式选择

相邻关系与地役权的关系宿生争论,有以所谓相邻权取代地役权的,有以地役权取代相邻权者,二者关系究竟如何,在我国目前物权立法紧迫之际必须做出回答。笔者在考察了二者的基本含义和功能的基础上,指出二者的区别体现在基本保障和更高追求上,而且地役权还具有排除或者改变相邻关系适用、满足人们获得对土地利用形式多样化和稳定化的要求,具有独立而充分的立法空间和重要立法价值,理应在明确其名称和立法模式的前提下,在我国未来物权法中加以规定。     

Managing Complex Collaborative Projects: Lessons from the Development of a New Satellite

This paper examines the case of a Complex Product System (CoPS)—a new satellite—and the combination of international firms and agencies that contributed to its development. Despite many political, organisational and interpersonal tensions, divergent objectives and strategic misjudgements, the satellite was successfully launched in 2002. It was found that a number of factors contributed to the successful conclusion of the project, including the evolution of organisational structures between different actors as the project progressed, the use of a range of innovation management tools accompanied by personnel with significant discretion and judgement, and a unifying methodology for satellite production called the Small Satellite Philosophy (SSP), which helped provide an approach for its effective integration. The paper describes the satellite project and the problems of technology transfer it confronted, then examines whether the solutions adopted could be appropriate for other complex innovative projects, particularly those involving joint public–private investments. It also describes the interaction between development time, mission cost, risk and return in reduced resource CoPS. Although the satellite itself was a technical success, government policy objectives for the project were not realised and the paper considers mismatches between policy objectives and mechanisms in complex projects.     

生存资本与生活空间的竞争——以台湾中部两部客家移民族谱为讨论对象

近来社会史研究,倾向于关注人类与环境间的关系,强调把人类聚落空间当成一个整体,从各个面向综合讨论。有鉴于移民族群在迁移过程当中,经历时间漫长,取得历史材料不易,家谱成为保存移民发展史的数据库。家谱撰写者为了垂训后世子孙,巨细靡遗地叙述开基祖艰苦创业立基的过程,内容包含家族历史以及开基祖从原生地到迁居地之后,建立移民聚落空间的历程。本文试以台中石冈《刘元龙公派下家谱》、苗栗铜锣《李氏宗谱史记》为讨论对象,探讨清代渡海来台拓垦的先民们,借由精神上血缘凝聚力与物质上的经济合作力量,以宗族为单位,建构生存空间,逐步地域社会化的过程。     

Policy space under a constraining combination – open economies,austerity and small island states

Small island developing states (SIDS) face significant economic, social and environmental challenges. Current mainstream approaches to SIDS recognise these limitations and thus promote increased economic integration into the international economy to provide the governments with resources and power to counter the effects of these challenges. Yet these remedies have so far led to high levels of deficits and high levels of indebtedness, as well as high levels of vulnerability and dependence on key sectors that offer very income- and economically sensitive products and services. In addition, and in assessing the experience of Caribbean SIDS, these remedies have led to diminishing government policy space. This has in turn contributed to the lack of real innovation in the way Caribbean SIDS interact with the volatile international market. While much has been written about the economic impact of open markets and the inherent weaknesses within SIDS, the analysis herein allows for the development of a more comprehensive assessment of the implications for the SIDS’ policy space as well as their ability to regain it and develop innovative approaches that avoid uniquely reactionary measures to the current international economy and its gyrations.     

Negotiating international civil society support: the case of Ethiopia’s 2009 Charities and Societies Proclamation

ABSTRACT

Since 2005, international civil society support has faced increasing resistance around the world. Ethiopia is widely recognized as a key example of this so-called Closing Space phenomenon. With the 2009 Charities and Societies Proclamation (CSP) Ethiopia has established strict regulations on civil society organizations that, in particular, restrict the ability of local associations to make use of foreign funding and the range of activities allowed for foreign (funded) organizations. This paper traces the process of international negotiations that has accompanied the drafting of the CSP and identifies the consequences of these negotiations for international civil society support in the country. Focusing on the interaction between foreign “donors” and the Ethiopian government, it analyzes (a) what precisely these negotiations have been about, (b) to what extent these negotiations have actually influenced the content of the CSP, and (c) how the CSP as finally adopted has actually affected international civil society support in Ethiopia.     

回归人文、造福民生的新型城镇化

城镇化究其实质是人文范畴即人的城镇化。一味寻求空间拓展的城镇化,不仅群众利益受到伤害,还带来资源难以为继、环境难以承受,城镇自身发展也会日益显现疲惫态势。中央提出走"新型城镇化"道路,就是要让城镇化回归人文并促进民生的持续改善,惟有如此才能圆好农民的城市梦,进而实现中国梦。     

Inquiring Into Life as We Live It

This article marks the first steps in an inquiry into community-based approaches to well-being for children and families. The author outlines the development of her methodological approach, which draws significantly from human geography. The study, while concerned with broader social and economic dynamics, is situated in a particular community which is undergoing economic, ecological, and political transitions. By grounding the study in this way, individual and collective experiences can be better understood and responded to. The intention is to make methodological decisions explicit in order to engage readers with the significance of theoretical considerations when embarking on qualitative research.     

空间社会学视角下大学生网络互动特征分析

网络的虚拟化、开放性、包容性特征给思想活跃的青年大学生以巨大的空间,缺场交往互动、价值观念集体认同、多重社会角色交织以及网络疯狂和现实孤独并存等逐步成为当代青年大学生网络互动的主要特征。     

认识一个捡拾和安放“自尊”的私人空间——对性服务妇女服务原则的一种理解

借助维特根斯坦对于语言的哲学研究的真知灼见,意识形态意义上的"自尊"回落到日常生活中:"自尊"只能是——也必须是一种个人对于自己是否尊重自己的判断和评价。由此出发,对性服务妇女个体在实施服务时所坚持的选择原则的解读使我们认识到一个捡拾和安放自尊的私人空间——边缘和底层者的自尊以私人体验的形式掏空了"自尊"原有的德性的意义,使之回归平凡;破坏了"自尊"原有的社会范式,使之成为一种私人体验;挑战了"自尊"原有的公共空间类型,使之具有了私人空间特有的张力。而也正是从这一人类原始精神出发的对他人生命—生活及其表现/表达的尊重和理解,使研究者能够突破自身"此在"和"此知"的疆界,进入研究对象"自尊"的"此在"和"此知"之中,并被研究对象的心理空间接纳,认识和了解/理解了有关自尊私人体验和私人空间的"能在"和"能知"。